1. Introduction to Reasoning 2. Historical Perspectives on Reasoning 3. The Neuroscience of Reasoning 4. The Comparative Approach: Reasoning in Other Species Daniel Krawczyk and Aaron Blaisdell 5. Reasoning Origins: Human Development in Infancy and Childhood 6. Reasoning over the Lifespan 7. Disorders and their Effects on Reasoning 8. Causal Reasoning 9. Deduction and Induction 10. Analogical Reasoning 11. Decision Making and Abductive Reasoning 12. Social Reasoning 13. Future Directions: Emerging Technology and Cognitive Enhancement sakriti opis