Part 1 Epidemiology Chapter 1 Environmental Factors in the Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Morten H. Vatn Part 2 Immunobiology Chapter 2 The Intestinal Immune System in Health Per Brandtzaeg Chapter 3 Understanding the Epithelial Barrier in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Matthew A. Odenwald, Jerrold R. Turner Chapter 4 Intestinal Microbiology and Ecology in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Dirk Haller, Ludovica F. Butto Chapter 5 The Immune System in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Antimicrobial Peptides Charles L. Bevins Chapter 6 Vascular Responses to Intestinal Inflammation D. Neil Granger, Norman R. Harris Chapter 7 Immunobiology of Human Dendritic Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Daniel C. Baumgart Chapter 8 Immunobiology of T-Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease S. Snapper, D. Nguyen, A Biswas Chapter 9 Immunobiology of B cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Atsushi Mizoguchi, Atul K. Bhan Chapter 10 Immune Cells: Monocytes and Macrophages Gerhard Rogler Chapter 11 Immune Functions of Epithelial Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Eric L. Campbell, Sean P. Colgan Chapter 12 Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Arthur Kaser Chapter 13 Matrix Metalloproteinases Paolo Biancheri, Thomas T. MacDonald Chapter 14 Paradigm of T-cell Differentiation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Takashi Nagaishi, Mamoru Watanabe Chapter 15 Pharmacological Intervention Studies Using Mouse Models of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation Cynthia Reinoso Webb, Matthew B. Grisham Chapter 16 Stem Cells and Organoids to Study Epithelial Cell Biology in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Jorge O. Múnera, James M. Wells Part 3 Diagnostic Approach Chapter 17 Enhanced Endoscopy Ralf Kiesslich Chapter 18 Magnetic Resonance Enterography Patrik Rogalla, Luis Guimaraes Chapter 19 Computed Tomography Enterography and Inflammatory Bowel Disease J. G. Fletcher Chapter 20 Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease A. Potthoff, C. Agné, M. Gebel Chapter 21 Laboratory Evaluation, Including Novel Diagnostic Markers M. Flamant, X. Roblin Chapter 22 Pathology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Nora E. Joseph, Christopher R. Weber Chapter 23 Objective Assessment of Clinical Disease Activity Edouard Louis, Catherine Van Kemseke, Catherine Reenaers Chapter 24 Objective Assessment of Endoscopic Disease Activity and Mucosal Healing Britt Christensen, David T. Rubin Chapter 25 Evaluation of Quality of Life in Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis: What Is Health-Related Quality of Life? Katrine Carlsen, Pia Munkholm, Johan Burisch Chapter 26 Evaluation of Health Economics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reena Khanna, Brian G. Feagan Part 4 Therapy Crohn's Disease Chapter 27 The Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Charles N. Bernstein Chapter 28 Conventional Medica Management of Crohn's Disease: Sulfasalazine Miquel A. Gassull, Eduard Cabré Chapter 29 Steroid Therapy for Crohn's Disease A. Hillary Steinhart Chapter 30 Thiopurines in Crohns' disease Adi Lahat, Rami Eliakim Chapter 31 Conventional Medical Management of Crohn's Disease: Methotrexate Grace Harkin, Laurence Egan Chapter 32 Adalimumab for the Treatment of Crohn's Disease Remo Panaccione Chapter 33 Biologic Therapy of Crohn's Disease: Certolizumab Alessandro Armuzzi, Daniela Pugliese Chapter 34 Biologic Therapy of Crohn's Disease: Infliximab Jan-Michael A. Klapproth, Gary R. Lichtenstein Chapter 35 Briakinumab and Ustekinumab: Anti-p40 Antibodies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment Peter J. Mannon Chapter 36 Biologic Therapy of Crohn's Disease: Natalizumab, Vedolizumab and anti-MadCAM Pieter Hindryckx, Geert D'Haens Chapter 37 Optimal Management of Fistulizing Crohn's Disease Bruce Sands, Farhad Peerani Part 5 Therapy Ulcerative Colitis Chapter 38 Sulfasalazine and 5-Aminosalicylates for Ulcerative Colitis Reena Khanna, John K. Marshall Chapter 39 Conventional Therapy of Ulcerativ