OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION Imaging Approaches RETROPERITONEUM Introduction to the Retroperitoneum Congenital Duplications and Anomalies of IVC Inflammation Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Degenerative Pelvic Lipomatosis Treatment Related Coagulopathic (Retroperitoneal) Hemorrhage Postoperative Lymphocele Benign Neoplasms Retroperitoneal Neurogenic Tumor Malignant Neoplasms Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Retroperitoneal and Mesenteric Lymphoma Retroperitoneal Metastases Hemangiopericytoma Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa) ADREANAL Introduction to the Adrenals Infection Adrenal Tuberculosis and Fungal Infection Metabolic or Inherited Adrenal Hyperplasia Adrenal Insufficiency Trauma Neonatal Adrenal Hemorrhage Adrenal Hemorrhage Benign Neoplasms Adrenal Cyst Adrenal Adenoma Adrenal Myelolipoma Pheochromocytoma Malignant Neoplasms Neuroblastoma, Adrenal/Retroperitoneal Adrenal Carcinoma Adrenal Carcinoma Staging Adrenal Lymphoma Adrenal Metastases Adrenal Collision Tumor KIDNEY AND RENAL PELVIS Introduction to Renal Physiology and Contrast Introduction to the Kidney, Renal Physiology, and Contrast Normal Variants and Pseudolesions Renal Fetal Lobation Junctional Cortical Defect Column of Bertin Congenital Horseshoe Kidney Renal Ectopia and Fusion Renal Agenesis Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Vesicoureteral Reflux Ureteropelvic Duplications Ureterocele Congenital Megacalyces and Megaureter Megaureter-Megacystis Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome Prune-Belly Syndrome Posterior Urethral Valves Renal Lymphangiomatosis Infection Acute Pyelonephritis Chronic Pyelonephritis/Reflux Nephropathy Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Renal Abscess Pyonephrosis Opportunistic Renal Infections Renal Cystic Disease Renal Cyst Parapelvic/Peripelvic Cyst Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Acquired Cystic Renal Disease von Hippel-Lindau Disease Lithium Nephropathy Localized Cystic Renal Disease Benign Neoplasms Renal Angiomyolipoma Renal Oncocytoma Metanephric Adenoma Multilocular Cystic Nephroma Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor Malignant Neoplasms Renal Cell Carcinoma Renal Cell Carcinoma Staging Medullary Carcinoma Collecting Duct Carcinoma Renal Urothelial Carcinoma Renal Pelvis and Ureteral Carcinoma Staging Renal Lymphoma Renal Metastases Pediatric Renal Masses Wilms Tumor Nephroblastomatosis Mesoblastic Nephroma Rhabdoid Tumor Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy Metabolic Nephrocalcinosis Urolithiasis Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Renal Failure and Medical Renal Disease Hydronephrosis Glomerulonephritis Acute Tubular Necrosis Renal Cortical Necrosis Renal Papillary Necrosis Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome HIV Nephropathy Chronic Renal Failure Renal Lipomatosis Vascular Disorders Renal Artery Stenosis Renal Infarction Renal Vein Thrombosis Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysm/AVF Trauma Renal Trauma Urinoma Perinephric Hematoma Transplantation Renal Transplantation Treatment Related Postoperative State, Kidney Radiation Nephritis Contrast-Induced Nephropathy URETER Introduction to the Ureter Congenital Duplicated and Ectopic Ureter Inflammation Ureteritis Cystica Ureteral Stricture Malakoplakia Trauma Ureteral Trauma Neoplasms Polyps Ureteral Urothelial Carcinoma Ureteral Metastases Miscellaneous Ureterectasis of Pregnancy BLADDER Introduction to the Bladder Congenital Urachal Anomalies Cloaca Bladder Exstrophy sakriti opis