1. The Polymerase Chain Reaction: PCR, qPCR, and RT-PCR 2. Methods of Cloning 3. Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization and a Genotyping Method on Single Xenopus Embryos 4. Microarrays: An Introduction and Guide to Their Use 5. Analysis of Human Genetic Variations Using DNA Sequencing 6. Western Blot 7. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: The Application of ELISA in Clinical Research 8. Immunofluorescence 9. Cell Culture: Growing Cells as Model Systems In Vitro 10. Flow Cytometry 11. Transfection 12. In Vivo Animal Modeling: Drosophila 13. Zebrafish as a Research Organism: Danio rerio in Biomedical Research 14. Xenopus as a Model Organism for Biomedical Research 15. Basic Mouse Methods for Clinician Researchers: Harnessing the Mouse for Biomedical Research sakriti opis