Basic Principles of Esophageal Surgery.- Surgical Anatomy of the Esophagus.- The Esophagus.- Endoscopic Examination of the Esophagus.- Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound for Diagnosis and Staging of Esophageal Cancer.- Preoperative Evaluation of the Operative Risk Profile.- Perioperative and Postoperative Management.- Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Indication for Surgical Therapy.- Gastroesophageal Reflux and its Surgical Management.- Pathologic Classification of the Esophageal Carcinoma.- Lymphatic Dissemination and Principles of Lymph Node Dissection.- Rationale for Type of Resection in Cancer of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction.- Results of Extended en bloc Esophagectomy in Treatment of Patients with Esophageal Cancer.- Surgical Techniques.- Blunt Transhiatal Subtotal Esophagectomy with Gastroplasty and Cervical Anastomosis.- Partial Abdominothoracic Resection of the Esophagus with Gastroplasty and Intrathoracic Anastomosis.- Abdominothoracic Subtotal en bloc Esophagectomy and Reconstruction with Gastric Tube Transposition.- Fundus Rotation Gastroplasty.- Proximal Gastrectomy with Distal Esophagectomy (Proximal Resection).- Transhiatal Esophagogastrectomy.- Colon Interposition after Total and Subtotal Esophagectomy.- Intrathoracic Esophagoplasty by Colon Interposition.- Reconstruction of Gastrointestinal Continuity by Jejunal Interposition following Total and Subtotal Esophagectomy.- Limited en bloc Resection of the Gastroesophageal Junction with Isoperistaltic Jejunal Interposition.- Conventional Cardiomyotomy in Achalasia.- Surgical Technique in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - Conventional Approach.- Conventional Resection of Esophageal Diverticula.- Local Excision of Benign Esophageal Tumors.- Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Fistula and Perforation.- Techniques of Local Esophagoplasty.- Minimal Invasive Surgery of the Esophagus.- Endoscopic Technique in the Treatment of Esophageal Diseases.- Post-operative Complications of the Esophagus and Esophagus Bridge Graft.