Preface Abbreviations INTRODUCTION The Classical Resolution Limit Methods to Circumvent the Classical Resolution Barrier in Fluorescence Microscopy Implementation of Super-Resolution Microscopy (SRM) Contrast Applications to Study Nuclear DNA Other Applications PHYSICOCHEMICAL BACKGROUND Motivation Labeling Transitions of the Fluorophores Samples HARD- AND SOFTWARE Hardware Requirements Software Open Source and Best Practice STRUCTURED ILLUMINATION AND IMAGE SCANNING MICROSCOPY Axially Structured Illumination Microscopy (aSIM) Laterally Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) Image Scanning Microscopy Super-Resolution Using Rotating Coherent Scattering (ROCS) Microscopy LOCALIZATION MICROSCOPY On the Principles of Localization Microscopy PALM/STORM/fPALM/SPDM Approach Implementation of SMLM On the Principles of Three-Dimensional SMLM Reduction of Out-of-Focus Light How to Build a Three-Dimensional SMLM High-Density Single Emitter Microscopy Methods: SOFI, 3B, SHRImP, etc. Approaches Towards Counting Molecules Requirements and Sample Preparation Data Acquisition Data Analysis Troubleshooting Meta Analysis Tailored for SMLM Example Applications STIMULATED EMISSION DEPLETION MICROSCOPY (STED) On the Principles of Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy Implementation of STED Fluorescent Probes Dye Combinations for Dual-Color STED Requirements and Sample Preparation Data Acquisition Data Analysis and Visualization Example Applications Conclusion MULTI-SCALE IMAGING Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) Expansion Microscopy (ExM) and Sample Clearing Alternative Approaches DISCUSSION Future Challenges Commercialization of Super-Resolution Microscopes Concluding Remarks Index