PART I: LOW TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS Fundamentals and Research Advancements (polymer exchange membrane, direct alcohol, alkaline and regenerative fuel cells) Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic Processes (hydrogen oxidation/oxygen reduction, methanol/ethanol and formic acid oxidation) Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic Processes(Electrocatalysis for alkaline/borohydride fuel cells and regenerative fuel cells) PART II: ELECTROCATALYSIS A. Non-Platinum Electrocatalysts Platinum-Group Metal Free Catalysts (cathode and anode catalysts) for Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Advances in Low Platinum Content Electrocatalysts (anode and cathode electrocatalyst) for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells Non Platinum/Ultra Low Pt-Based Electrocatalysts (cathode and anode electrocatalysts) for Alkaline Fuel Cells Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions (Regenerative Fuel Cells) Role of Catalysts Supports - Graphene Based Novel ElectrocatalystsPerformance Comparison of Non-Platinum Electrocatalysts for Different Fuel Cells B. Design and Fabrication Rational Catalyst Design Methodologies - Principles and Factors Affecting the Catalyst Design Fabrication and Optimization of Catalyst Layer in Fuel Cells Through Explicit Design Effect Of Gas Diffusion Layer Structure on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cells Design and Fabrication of Catalysts Supports Carbonaceous Nanostructured Support Materials Designed Synthesis of Supported Core Shell Electrocatalysts Designing Enhanced One-Dimensional Electrocatalysts Design of Two-Dimensional, Ultrathin Nanoplate Electrocatalysts Ultra-Low Platinum-Loading Catalysts - Platinum Monolayer and Related Approaches Design and Fabrication of a Nanoporous Metallic Electrocatalyst Toward Highly Stable Electrocatalysts Via Nanoparticle Pore Confinement Template Fabricated Electrocatalysts